- 10BASE-T An IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard that has a maximum segment length of 100m and has a 10Mbps data transmission speed. 10BASE-T can use Category 3, 4, or 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) cables for connectivity.
- 802.11a An IEEE wireless networking standard released in 1999 that uses the 5GHz frequency range. 802.11a clients can theoretically transmit at a maximum speed of 54Mbps.
- 802.11b An IEEE wireless networking standard released in 1999 that uses the 2.4GHz frequency range. 802.11b clientscan the oretically transmit at a maximum speed of 11Mbps.
- 802.11g An IEEE wireless networking standard released in 2003 that uses the 2.4GHz frequency range. 802.11g clients can theoretically transmit at a maximum speed of 54Mbps. This standard is backward compatible with 802.11b clients.
- 802.11n A predraft standard for wireless networking that uses Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) signals to achieve higher throughput. Current predraft equipment uses the 2.4GHz frequency range.
- 802.1q An IEEE frame-tagging method over trunk ports that insert the 4-byte VLAN identifier inside the original Ethernet frame.
- 802.1x An authentication protocol geared toward LAN environments. 802.1x requires that users authenticate to the network before they are granted wired or wireless access.
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- AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) A group of three services that are used in conjunction with an authentication server and a software service such as Terminal Access Controller Access Control
- System (TACACS) or Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) to provide a secure network connection with a record of user activities.
- ABR (Area Border Router) : a router that sits between multiple areas in a hierarchical OSPF network. These routers are responsife for summarizing subnets to the rest of the OSPF autonomous system. Because they must maintain topology information from several areas, these routers are typically robust in resources.
- access attack : a class of attack in which a hacker attempts to access another user account or network device through improper means.
- access class : the command used to apply an access list to vty ports.
- access port : a switch port that has a single VLAN assigned to it. These are typically used for connectivity between end devices.
- ACTIVE, INACTIVE, and DELETED PVC status The three states of a Frame Relay PVC. Active means that the connection is good on both ends. Inactive means that the remote router is misconfigured. Deleted means that the local router is misconfigured.
- adjacency A term that describes the state after two OSPF neighbors have synchronized their topology databases.
- administrative distance : an arbitrary value between 1 and 255 that is assigned to determine the trustworthiness of the routing sources.
- advertised distance : the composite metric to a destination that is being advertised from our EIGRP neighbors.
- AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) : the newest encryption algorithm. It is managed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a division of the U.S. government. It was designed to increase encryption strength beyond the DES and 3DES standards and yet be more efficient on the device’s processor. As it stands today, AES offers 128-, 192-, and 256-bit encryption.
- AH (Authentication Header) One of the components that powers the IPsec security suite of protocols. AH defines capabilities for authentication and data-integrity algorithms but does not provide the capability for encryption.
- Application layer Layer 7 of the OSI model. Provides an interface between a host’s communication software and any necessary external applications (that is, email, file transfers, and terminal emulation). his layer can also evaluate what resources are necessary to communicate between two devices and determine their availability.
- area : a subdivision of an autonomous system composed of groups of contiguous networks and attached hosts. Used in link-state routing protocols to minimize routing update overhead and confine network instability.
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) : a protocol that maps a known IP address to a MAC address by sending a broadcast ARP. When the destination IP address is on another subnet, the sender broadcasts ARP for the router’s Ethernet port or default gateway, so the MAC address sent back is that of the router’s Ethernet port.
- ASP (AppleTalk Session Protocol) : a session layer protocol that manages client/server based communications, but is specific to AppleTalk client and server devices.
- asynchronous A serial interface that does not synchronize the clocks for the bit stream of the sending and receiving end of a serial link.
- ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) : a packet-switched connection type that reaches high speeds by dividing all packets into equal-sized cells of 53 bytes each.
- attenuation : a term used to describe how a signal loses strength over long distances.
- authentication The process of requiring or prompting for credentials before a device can access the network.
- autonomous system : a collection of routing devices under the same administrative control.
- autonomous system number : an indicator in an IGRP and EIGRP configuration that identifies the autonomous system to which the routers are actively sending routing updates.
- auxiliary port An out-of-band management connection used to connect to an external modem with a rollover cable.
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